As traffi c continues to grow rapidly in the coming years, today’s largely macro cell networks will evolve, becoming more tightly packed and eventually becoming ultra dense. An ultra dense network (UDN) is one with sites on every lamp post or with indoor sites placed within 10m of each other. By 2025 or 2030, Nokia expects UDNs to be covering most urban indoor and outdoor areas with small cells providing cell edge data rates of 100 Mbps to everyone.